geography of elections

In Professional Geographer, pp. This has included several Quebec nationalist parties, parties arising from the phenomenon called Western alienation, and the Maritime Rights Movement. “Anomalies in red and blue: Exceptionalism in American electoral geography”. Johnston, Ron. [11], Economics, communications, and infrastructure, Culture, demographics, and political parties. 1994. [4] Electoral geography relies upon detailed and accurate mapping techniques with appropriate contextualization and background knowledge in order to successfully visualize and analyze the results of an election. Electoral geography is the analysis of the methods, the behavior, and the results of elections in the context of geographic space and using geographical techniques. Geography of Elections Electoral District Fact Sheet Electoral District: Cardigan Province/Territory: Average income: Prince Edward Island • Population: 36,615 • Area: 2 2,551 km • Population density: 2 14.4/km • Population change: +1.7% • Average age: 42 • $39,871 • Voter turnout: 78% • Language spoken most often at home: -English: 34,620-French: 200 Coalitions are not a new phenomenon in India as coalition formation took place in some states as early as the … Human movement is an ongoing progress, which consistently redefines the distributions of policy preference and thus the associated election decisions. The patterning of constituencies is related to the spatial orientation and drawing of boundaries as detailed previously. The micro level refers to districts, towns, counties and other small areas. One thing I learned is… The debate stems from the fact that the electoral college is a malapportioned body.,[9][10] and thus provides for a scenario whereby a candidate may win the election via the electoral college without carry a plurality of the popular vote. [2] However, disproportionality and bias towards specific voting groups arise in the construction of artificial constituency boundaries in that political parties and policies are unevenly and inaccurately represented in the aggregate results amongst the electoral regions when compared to the popular vote.[3]. [2] Even with nine distinct regions, the voting patterns are seemingly disproportionally divided between the two dominant parties. Affluent cities, where university graduates concentrate, tend to vote for internationally-minded, often center-left candidates, while lower middle-class and working-class districts tend to vote for trade-adverse candidates, often from the nationalist right. We haven't found any reviews in the usual places. You can change your ad preferences anytime. See all formats and editions Hide other formats and editions. 1959. I contribute to both electoral geography and political geography by reconceptualising elections, campaigns and political parties as entangled in a bodied, material, emotional and relational world. 2009-01-07. A mayor and deputy mayor are also elected from among the elected members of the council. “The Function and Methods of Electoral Geography”. Regionalism in Canada is such that is also notable within provinces on the stage of provincial elections. Peter J. Taylor (Author) 5.0 out of 5 stars 1 rating. “… A cross-national study found seventy different systems in twenty-seven democracies.”[8] When choosing which system a government will use, great consideration has to be made. In many countries, where you live tends to be an accurate predictor of what or whom you are voting for. “Democracy, participation and citizenship”. Opinionjournal.com. [4] The geographic location and associated natural factors are directly related to the potential in a specific region for political development[4] and have an additional relationship with the electoral processes and policy decisions of the region. Geography. Because of the disparity in the population size of the various provinces, their importance in electoral geography varies substantially. Using data collected from across the U.S. we find that even when people share the same political identity, those in “bluer” … The governmental and party platforms serve as categories into which voters are forced to classify themselves[4] even though it is likely that no one party platform accurately captures the entirety of the opinions held by a voter. English Articles. The voting method in the UK differs from that of the United States. Geography and history of Karnataka provides a wide array of information about the land and its cultural heritage. Notably, class consciousness is quite low in Canada as compared to the former mother country, Britain. Article II, Section 1, Clause 2 of the Constitution of the United States. Deterministic electoral geography would result in predictable results regardless of candidate or proposed policy as the sum of physical geographic traits would entirely control voting decisions. Such data provides a summary of party support and swings, and allows comparative While the macro level focuses on national patterns in voting and political parties. For example, policy dealing with the governmental treatment of an urban population would have greater importance to those in a territory with an urban densities and a far smaller importance in a sparser region. 02.25.21 Kosovo.Legislative Election 2021; 02.17.21 Ecuador. England is not alone in selecting its electoral system. In An Introduction to Political Geography: Space, Place and Politics, Second Edition, pp. [2] The study of electoral results has been shown to identify the regions of specific politics and the relative cohesion amongst these similar regions. Elections serve as the central political expression and exercise of power within democratic states, and conducting elections in democracies requires the translation of the political decisions of the distributed voting public into resulting “seat” representation of the various constituencies, except in the cases of Israel and the Netherlandswhich each have only a single constituency. It is commonly assumed that how individuals identify on the political spectrum–whether liberal, conservative, or moderate–has a universal meaning when it comes to policy stances and voting behavior. He claims that electoral results are the outcome of superimposing the map of cultural, economic, religious, and demographic characteristics with the determined map of electoral districts and applying the issues on the ballot. 296 – 304. [1] It is a violation of the democratic principle of “one person, one vote” in that constituency boundaries enclose populations of various size, which means that the votes of people in regions of lower population have greater representation per vote than those in regions with a higher population. Denver, David. 2005. [4] Thus the passage of time must be incorporated in electoral analysis through the duality of Electoral geography also deals with the alterations of election results in a given place over an extended time interval encompassing many elections. Part Three Geographical Influences in Voting, Geography of Elections (Routledge Library Editions: Political Geography), Routledge Library Editions: Political Geography. Within an international framework, this work provides a fully comprehensive approach to the geographical coverage of elections. The purpose of the analysis is to identify and understand driving factors and the electoral characteristics of territories in a broad and integrative manner. However, election results are only natural result of numerous social, economic and political processes. October 15, 2008 lecture by Professor Martin Lewis for the Geography of United States Elections (GEOG 5) course. Gender, ethnic, and class disparity can cause voting that is related to shared background qualities and experience as opposed to political opinions. How does your electoral community compare to others? [6] Comparing the methods of sectionalism in the UK and the US places emphasis on location; instead of basing support for a party by class, the US does so by location. 580–587. [5] This has been used to a wide degree and is thus readily acknowledged by United States citizens in the media and academic display of election results. Blackwell Publishing: Oxford. The electoral geography of Russia is marked by the obvious territorial cleavages between North and South, urban and rural territories, etc. They examine their own federal electoral district and compare it to at least one other, using maps and fact sheets. One phenomenon of territorial cleavages in electoral preferences in Russia is known as the "red belt" (compact located regions with high support for the Communist Party). In this activity, students. Presidential Election 2021 A winning coalition might include Western social conservatives, suburban Ontario moderates, and Quebec soft nationalists (Brian Mulroney, 1984, 1988), or Ontario moderates, Quebec federalists, and most of Atlantic Canada (Jean Chretien, 1993, 1997, 2000), or most of the West and Atlantic Canada, plus rural and suburban Ontario (Stephen Harper, 2011). Background information detailing the established political parties, issues being contested in an election, and the mechanics of the election process also help to contextualize and understanding contributing factors in each individual election. Census.gov. Find all the books, read about the author, and more. Qualities of “northeasterliness”, “westerliness”, and “southerliness”, which constitute the expectations for Democratic, Republican, and volatile Republican voting results, have been used in order to understand and define the political landscape. Geography Of Elections: The Indian Context R.D. Electoral geography, for example, studies regularities and patterns of election results. Elections to the council are held once every five years, with results being decided by popular vote. [1] A population settles for various social, economic, and cultural reasons which create a defined contour of both population density and related political opinion. An example arises in comparing results of presidential elections in the United States to the expectation of favoring Democratic or Republican candidates in urban or rural locations respectively or the expectations for preference on the county scale based on racial composition with minority groups favoring the Democratic party. 137-157. View all copies of this book. A state with disproportionate economic development will necessarily come under pressure from the poorer constituencies to take action to redistribute wealth and level the economic prosperity, which will be observable in the electoral results. Prescott, J.R.V. It is philosophically accepted that in a democracy, each vote is equally valid amongst all other votes and thus each eligible voter casts only o… After the lesson, invite students to reflect on the following prompts: 1. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken. “Anglo-American Electoral Geography: Same Roots and Same Goals, but Different Means to Ends?”. Starting on October 15, you can follow a timely course being presented by Stanford University. Within an international framework, this work provides a fully comprehensive approach to the geographical coverage of elections. When the main parties are not seen to serve the interest of a particular region, protest parties or movements often emerge. For example, single-vote, winner take all systems can greatly disenfranchise minority voters as their selection is ultimately irrelevant in a two-party dominant system. [1] This makes consideration of the party platform or recent party activities critical in understanding the changes or stability of electoral results over space and time. A serious question arises during this process; What should this election be designed to achieve? This voting geography is indicative of a deep economic, social, and educational divide. [Peter J Taylor; R J Johnston] -- Within an international framework, this work provides a fully comprehensive approach to the geographical coverage of elections. Taylor and Ellen R. White The presidential election of 1988 falls on an unusual and largely forgotten centennial. The selection of mapping paradigms using color, patterning, brightness or darkness effects is employed in order to visually detail aspects and characteristics of interest in elections, such as voter participation, intensity of support, population density, and constituency boundaries which may not easily be noticed by considering words and numbers. Shipping: US$ 10.92 From … At a glance. Geography of elections. Elsevier: Atlanta. In many countries, where you live tends to be an accurate predictor of what or whom you are voting for. Debate has been common in recent elections in regards to the election of the President of the United States via the electoral college. [6] This formulaic approach ends in an outcome giving a translated number of seats for each party in Parliament. Mercredi 05 Octobre 2016. The “neighborhood effect” is an observed altering of electoral results due to the tendency of people who are spatially close to vote similarly because of daily interactions. There is a distinction amongst geographers between considering the effect of geography to be fully deterministic and merely having only a partial effect amongst other effects. There is considerable distinction between the politics of Montreal and those of the Saguenay or the Gaspe, and likewise between the Lower Mainland and the BC Interior. The Geography of Elections; The Geography of Elections. Common alterations to election results caused by gerrymandering are: Malapportionment is unequal and disproportionate representation electoral systems with multiple constituencies. In federal politics, a winning coalition must be composed of various sub-regions, identified not only by place but by ideology. In the present United Kingdom, electoral geography is studied extensively and has been compared to the method in the United States of elections and regionalization, by employing UK methods of class cleavage, where the Conservative Party tends to be favoured by the white-collar class and the Labour Party by the UK’s working class. November 3, 2008 lecture by Professor Martin Lewis for the Geography of United States Elections (GEOG 5) course. [4] Regions which share large numbers of physical or demographic characteristics, or both as these two factors are related,[1] will demonstrate significant similarities in voting participation and patterns of outcome. Numerous applications of ideas and concepts from human geography are incorporated into a new political context, illustrating the manner in which electoral patterns reflect and help produce the overall geography of a region or state. [1] The range and availability of communication and issue awareness can affect perception of issues and skew rational decision making. [2] Arguments against determinism also rely on observed anomalies in voting results. Geography of Elections Hardcover – January 1, 1979 by Peter J. Taylor (Author) › Visit Amazon's Peter J. Taylor Page. 525-553. The smaller Atlantic Provinces might be considered as unit, but Ontario might be subdivided between the urban, suburban, rural, and remote regions, or between north, south, east, and west, or into more specific regions like the Golden Horseshoe or the Greater Toronto Area. Check out the new look and enjoy easier access to your favorite features. Are you an author? Find constituency-wise Karnataka General (Lok Sabha) election results 2019 along with the candidate names and margin of votes. Price New from Used from Hardcover "Please … Learn how and when to remove these template messages, Learn how and when to remove this template message, personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay, http://www.opinionjournal.com/editorial/feature.html?id=110005582, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electoral_geography&oldid=1009845631, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Articles needing additional references from August 2010, All articles needing additional references, Articles that may contain original research from August 2010, All articles that may contain original research, Wikipedia articles with style issues from July 2008, Articles with multiple maintenance issues, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Splitting or dilution of the concentrations of votes for one party so as to make that party the minority in a large portion of the constituencies in conjunction, Concentrating the votes of one party into a selected few constituencies such that many of their votes are ‘, To enable the representation of voters’ opinion in rough proportion to their strength in the electorate, To allow for the representation of geographically defined areas, To decisively confer power on a team of leaders or a party.”, This page was last edited on 2 March 2021, at 15:58. This activity is designed for a geography, social studies, civics or citizenship class. The elec­ Geography of elections. Canadian electoral geography is typified by a high degree of political regionalism, with most disputes interpreted as conflicts between provinces or regions. [2] The methods of election are critical to analyzing the results, as it is impossible to adequately assess the proportionality of representation or validity of an electoral outcome without understanding how votes are cast and counted. The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Karnataka: . Offered by Stanford’s Continuing Studies program. The presence of a two-dominant party system creates a great potential for disenfranchisement of minority voters and their opinions. Within an international framework, this work provides a fully comprehensive approach to the geographical coverage of elections. [3] The popular or numerical election results within a constituency, precinct, or electoral district can be distorted by the act of gerrymandering. From Books in my Basket (New Delhi, India) AbeBooks Seller Since September 10, 2010 Seller Rating. The spatial variations of support for particular policies are routinely mapped in order to pictorially represent the electoral geography of a territory, which can allow for the recognition of patterns of location. But, does political identity mean the same thing from place to place? In the UK, to extinguish regional identity, England was divided into nine regions. The degree of effect for each particular stimulus is then a result of the susceptibility of a particular geography. [4] Instead, it is more fully accepted that geography plays some role in conjunction with other cultural and interpersonal effects. "2006 Census estimates". Published by Rawat Publication, Jaipur,Rajastan, 1995. Though regional or local voting patterns are as old as democracy, a growing correlation of spatial, social, and political polarization is turning fellow citizens into near-strangers. [3] The effect of malapportionment is observed when equivalent percentages of the total vote results in different numbers of seats for each party due to one party having greater control in smaller constituencies and another in larger constituencies.[3]. The electoral geography of the United States is a description of regional political differences, which in recent years has been popularized by the red and blue paradigm to pictorially represent Republican and Democratic Election results. Numerous applications of ideas and concepts from human geography are incorporated into a new political context, illustrating the manner in which electoral patterns reflect and help produce the overall geography of a region or state. Geography of Elections; Exit Card - Geography of Elections. Gerrymandering is a selective drawing of constituency boundaries in order to alter the results of an election. The territorial unit with boundary distinctions in representative elections is commonly termed the constituency, district, or precinct, and serves as both a region for the tabulation and study of the electoral result. reflect on the different communities they belong to and then consider the idea of their electoral community; examine their own federal electoral district and compare it to at least one other, using maps and fact sheets, and; consolidate their learning by considering questions like which member of Parliament would have an easier job representing their … Support for United Russia is lower than in other regions. Morrill, Richard, Knopp, Larry and Brown, Michael. [5] The results indicate that anomalies occur in distinct voting areas where the Republican or Democratic candidate won counties that had opposite characteristics of their traditionally carried counties. In this six-minute video, aimed at A level and university students, Professor Danny Dorling looks at the geography of elections both in the UK and in Europe. Buy New Price: US$ 9.48 Convert Currency. The economic development within a given region is also related to the development of its politics and the issues which are important to the electorate. The mechanics of an election are fully described through identifying the pattern of constituencies, franchise qualifications and changes, and the method of the election. [3] It is philosophically accepted that in a democracy, each vote is equally valid amongst all other votes and thus each eligible voter casts only one equally valued vote. Studying the geography of elections is senseless … Take any social phenomenon and you will see that it has some geography. Westview Press: Oxford. These changes have affected the geography of elections on both the macro level and the micro level. Latest News. The spatial distribution and variation of the voting populace in conjunction with the demographic characteristics and delineation of voting regions provide a geographic context for the analysis of elections. Only in these cities is there strong electoral support of liberal and democratic politicians. Votes indicate individuals’ preferences and in the public elections these have to be translated into seats by some formula". However, election results are only natural result of … Elections and Voters in Britain. Electoral Geography 2.0. The Electoral Geography of the 2013 Election: Voting patterns in the states and regions for the Lower House Dean Jaensch with Narelle Miragliotta and Rae Wear1 Analyses of Australian federal elections at the sub-national level are traditionally organised on the bases of the various individual states and territories. See search results for this author. In the first democratic elections in the history of contemporary Russia it was noticed that liberal and democratic politicians had much higher support in the northern regions, whereas the south of Russia appeared more conservative. [1] However, this contour is not a static condition and changes in electoral results must be considered with respect to the change in the type of people and not just the change in their chosen politics. 1 For a detailed account of coalitions’ formation before 1998/1999, see Chakrabarty (2006: 64-167). [5] In this way voters are motivated by factors outside their geography to vote in a way that is unexpected and often even contrary to their individual interests. This was most evident in the maps of the electoral geography of voting for “Leave” and “Remain” in the United Kingdom’s June referendum on European Union membership. Numerous applications of ideas and concepts from human geography are incorporated into a new political context, illustrating the manner in which electoral patterns reflect and help produce the overall geography of a region or state. In this activity, students reflect on the different communities they belong to and then consider the idea of their electoral community.

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